【2012年考研英语（一）真题，4篇阅读:text1、text2、text3、text4焦点单词总结】text1Par.1whispered a.窃窃私语的，耳语的invitation n.邀请forcing a.强迫peer pressure 同辈压力casual sex 滥交contend v.主张,竞争，认为（holds, argues, think）dynamic n.动力lead to 导致，带来organization n.组织official a.官方的individual a.小我私家的improve v.改善，提高Par.2recipient n.接受者action n.实例sponsor n.资助anti-smoking program 反吸烟运动set out to do =get cracking on=set/about doing =commence sth 开始/着手做某事cigarette n.香烟uncool n.很逊的，时髦的prevention n.预防，阻止initiative n.倡议recruit v.招募，吸收（新成员）Par.3promising a.有前途的，有希望的perceptive a.有洞察力的observer n.视察者critique n.品评，评论lameness n.缺点public-health campaign 民众康健运动spot-on a.一针见血的fail to 未能mobilize v.调动,使用,使用（use）demonstrate v.证实，显示，展示flawed a.有缺陷的，有瑕疵的psychology n.心理学plead v.恳求，恳请billboard n.广告牌fit in 适合，适应，融入（群体）aimed at 旨在做某事nothing more than=mostconvincingly ad.令人信服的take a page from =learn from 44.skilled at 擅长apply v.适应，申请ought to 应该［表现作者明确的建议］Par.4effectiveness n.有效性persuasive a.有说服力的be filled with 充满irrelevant a.不相关的relevant a.相关的irrelevant detail 无关的细节exploration n.探索social and biological factors 社会(学)和生物（学）因素glaring a.显着的presented a.连续的failed v.失败state funding 政府基金lasting a.持久的，永恒的Par.5there are no doubt that…毫无疑问exert enormous influence on 发生庞大的影响emerging a.新兴的negative a.消极的positive a.努力的social communication 社会交流subtle a.微妙的unconsciously ad.无意识地imitate v.模拟Par.6however［段开头：与上一段形成转折］bureaucrat n.权要机构，权要bureaucracy n.权要主义steer one's activities in virtuous directions 把某人引向道德偏向steer v.引导，利用virtuous a.有道德的It's like 这就像［前后意思一样，比喻］break v.打破troublemaker n.制造贫苦的人pairing v.配对tactic n.战略，计谋engineer v.筹谋，设计insist on doing sth 坚持做某事【选项 21-25】emerges as 以……形式泛起supplement v.增补social cure 社会治疗stimulus v.刺激group dynamics 团队动力obstacle v.阻碍，障碍cause v.导致，原因=lead toundesirable behaviors 不良行为public advocate 公共提倡者professional a.职业的recruit professional advertisers 招募职业的广告人stay away from 远离commercial advertisers 商业广告人recognize v.认识到，识别limitation a.局限性advertisement n.广告adequately a.充实地probe v.探索effectively a.有效地evade v.制止，规避illustrate v.解释，阐明，说明function n.功效，作用，职责long-lasting 恒久的social effect 社会效应imitation of behavior 行为的模拟be harmful to 对……有害mislead v.误导behavioral studies 行为科学研究occur v.发生without/despite/however/used to［选项自己含有转折对比的词正确概率高］desirable a.令人满足的profound a.深刻的questionable /doubtful /skeptical ［表消极偏向，其中“质疑的”、“怀疑的”正确谜底的概率最高］text2Par.1apparently ad.显而易看法a deal is a deal 一言既出，驷马难追involved v.关于，涉及company n.公司，陪同major a.主要的energy supplier 能源供应商provoke v.激起，引发justified a.合理的，正直的outrage n.恼怒announced v.宣布，声称renege on 违背longstanding a.恒久的commitment n.答应abide by /live by /comply with /be subject to 遵守strict a.严格的regulation n.法例，调整，规则regular n.平常，频繁regulate v.控制，管制regulator n.调整者，羁系者regulatory ad.治理的，控制的Par.2precisely ad.准确地，恰恰是promise v.答应challenge v.挑战，质疑constitutionality n.合宪性constitution n.宪法constitute n.组成，任命，制定federal court 联邦法庭desperate effort 孤注一掷stunning a.令人震惊的move n.措施，方法，手段nuclear power plant 核电站Par.3conflict n.冲突surface v.显露corporation n.公司nuclear power plant 核电站aging a.老的，旧的reactor n.反映堆as a condition of 作为……条件approval n.赞成，同意permission n.允许，获批regulator n.羁系机构legislature n.立法机关legal n.执法illegal a.非法的legislate v.立法legislator n.立法者legitimate adj.正当的 v.使正当go along 前进，举行,同意Par.4intended to do sth.计划做某事foresee n.预见，预测partial a.部门的collapse v.坍毁，瓦解，瓦解cooling tower 冷却塔underground a.地下的leakage n.泄露serious n.严肃management n.治理misleading a.误解的statement n.陈述，声明enraged by 被激怒extension n.延长，扩展Par.5invalid a.非法的，无效的regulatory a.治理的issue v.颁布，揭晓，问题obscure a.模糊的，不清楚的precedent-setting a.先例的valid a.有效的，正当的patchwork regulation 补丁法例set one's own rule 制定自己的法例keep one's word 信守信誉debate v.辩说Par.6reputation n.名誉consequence n.效果，结果application n.应用keep sth. in mind 记着，思量【选项：26-30】condemning v.谴责reaffirming v.重申dishonoring v.违背securing v.获得enter into the agreement 签订协议intended to 想要、计划（目的）obtain protection 获得掩护seek favor 寻求……支持acquire an extension 获得延期business license 谋划执照purchase v.购置managerial practices 治理实践technical innovativeness 技术创新financial goals 财政目的business vision 商业远见capacity n.能力fulfill promise 推行答应nature n.性质，本质patchwork regulation 补丁法例affect n.影响elsewhere 在其他地方authority n.权威defy v.挑衅withdraw v.撤回，取款reputation n.名誉Text3Par.1idealized a.理想化的version n.版本observe v.视察carry out one's work 开展事情ambiguous a.模糊的complicated a.庞大的context n.配景，情况，上下文follow an...route 遵循……路径aim to 目的unique a.唯一的prior n.先前的subsequent n.随后的misinterpretation n.误解，曲解interpret n.口译，说明，意会self-deception n.自欺欺人deception n.欺骗opportunities for...abound 触目皆是Par.2consequently ad.因此discovery claim 发现声明protoscience n.科学雏形similar to 类似staking mining claims 采矿声明potential v.潜在的collective a.团体的,配合的scrutiny n.详细检查，仔细审查collective scrutiny 仔细审查acceptance n.接受transform ...into...把……转变为……mature a.成熟的credibility n.可信度process n.历程objective a.客观的intellectual a.知识的，学术的Par.3credit n.信任community n.科学界，群落，团体gatekeeper n.守门员publication n.揭晓，出书accompanying a.陪同的interaction n.相互作用confrontation n.坚持，反抗competing a.对立的Par.4paradox n.自相矛盾，悖论focus on 聚焦于aspect n.方面prevailing a.盛行的，盛行的incomplete a.不完整的incorrect a.不正确的reward n.回报duplication n.复制confirmation n.证实convincing a.有说服力的modification n.修正modify v.更改，修改，改变refutation n.驳倒 55.novelty n.新奇事物provoke v.激起，引发，挑衅novel a.新颖的，新的appreciate v.浏览correspond to 切合reason v.推理revise v.修改conception n.看法seeing what everybody has seen and thinking what nobody has thought 见众人 之所见,思他人之所未想。【选项：31-35】be characterized by 特点uncertainty and complexity 不确定性和庞大性misconception and deceptiveness 误解和欺骗logicality and objectivity 逻辑性和客观性systematicness and regularity 系统性和纪律性credibility process 取信历程strict inspection 严格审查shared efforts 配合努力individual wisdom 小我私家智慧persistent innovation 不停创新discovery claim 发现声明recognition n.认可,识别peer n.同行，同辈justified a.合理的,公正的critical mind 批判性思维collective scrutiny 团体审查evolution n.演变［表“变化”］evolve v.生长，进化unfold v.展开text4Par.1trade n.行业unionist n.工会主义者represent v.代表alive v.在世的civil servant 公务员in one's prime 在……壮盛时期one in ten 十分之一public sector 公共部门private sector 私营部门unionize v.加入工会Par.2thriving a.繁荣的，增加的shut down 歇工suffering n.痛苦；受难consequence n.结果，效果，影响bright n.智慧quarter n.四分之一，季度dominate v.支配，统治，主导left-of-centre 中间偏左tie n.关系imply v.表示be associated with 与……相联系vote n.投票，选举权Par.3fearsome a.恐怖的budget n.预算patrol v.羁系，巡逻keep an eye on 注意prison n.牢狱Par.4wage n.人为state sector 公共部门gains n.收获benefit n.福利backload v.变相提高modest a.适度的，谦逊的pension n.养老金generous a.丰盛的Par.5reform v.革新vigorously ad.强烈地oppose v.阻挡notoriously ad.污名昭著地academy n.专科院校merit n.夸奖merit pay 绩效人为faced drawn-out battles 面临持久战variable n.变量fought against 反抗get rid of 开除Par.6cost n.成本，用度politician n.政治家clamp down 施压rally v.召集hardline n.强硬门路governor n.统治者，州长current a.现在的，现在的Par.7points out 指出norm n.尺度，准则,规则Norm University 师范大学suit v.适合achiever n.成就高的人fat pay packets 薪水丰盛【选项 31-35】enlarged v.扩大a large body of 大量的be relationship with 与….关系be prudent in doing 做某事很审慎require v.需要be require for 需要income n.收入illegally secured 非法获得indirectly augmented 间接增加excessively increased 过分增加exceed v.凌驾，胜过fairly adjusted 公正调整barrier v.阻碍，障碍 n.障碍物dominant n.主导职位disapproval a.不赞同的appreciation n.浏览,判别tolerance n.容忍【态度-错误谜底标志词】indifference a.漠不体贴的【态度-错误谜底标志词】——end——。

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